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About NLU Delhi & Project 39A Project 39A Team Fair Trial Fellowship Team Art in Prisons Our Work Forensics Legal Aid Mental Health Death Penalty Torture Publications Media Our Writings 39A Podcast Criminal Law Blog Press News Videos Audio Careers
Project 39A

After more than a decade, all members of Project 39A will be moving out of National Law University Delhi. From 31st March 2025, we will collectively begin a new chapter at NALSAR University of Law, Hyderabad as The Square Circle Clinic. Whilst being a part of NALSAR, Hyderabad, we will have offices in Delhi, Hyderabad, Nagpur and Pune.

Why electronic monitoring for those on bail is a false promise
Why electronic monitoring for those on bail is a false promise

Electronic tracking will serve as a continuous ‘panopticon’ beyond the prison, perpetuating the revolving door of crime for accused persons while continuing to burden the state infrastructure.

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Medha Deo & Sakshi Jain16 December 2024
Aparajita Bill: Blurring the lines between aggravated and non-aggravated rape
Aparajita Bill: Blurring the lines between aggravated and non-aggravated rape

West Bengal’s Aparajita Bill has introduced harsher punishments for rape. But by blurring distinctions between aggravated and non-aggravated rape, it offers more problems than solutions.

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Lakshmi Menon12 November 2024
How Justice Bhagwati’s 44-year-old dissent mirrors the state of death penalty in India
How Justice Bhagwati’s 44-year-old dissent mirrors the state of death penalty in India

There has been significant empirical work demonstrating the inefficacy of the death penalty. In its 75th year, the Court must engage with it.

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Shreya Rastogi & Neetika Vishwanath18 October 2024
Harsher rape laws do little to prevent sexual violence
Harsher rape laws do little to prevent sexual violence

We require broader social reforms, sustained governance efforts, and stronger criminal justice institutions. The hollow tough-on-crime political agenda is nothing but a distraction.

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Anup Surendranath & Neetika Vishwanath6 September 2024
Kolkata rape: Rage is justified, revenge is not
Kolkata rape: Rage is justified, revenge is not

The approach to calls for swift justice has been to shorten the time required for investigations and trials without addressing pre-existing problems plaguing the police, forensic labs and the judiciary.

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Maitreyi Misra17 August 2024
Questionably foreclosing life imprisonment
Questionably foreclosing life imprisonment

The administration of the death penalty in India is in crisis, with over 95% of imposed death sentences not surviving appellate scrutiny.

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Hrishika Jain10 July 2024
Why the hurry?
Why the hurry?

The institutional readiness for new criminal laws coming into force is a serious cause for concern.

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Anup Surendranath & Neetika Vishwanath29 June 2024
The promise, and the fallibility, of forensics
The promise, and the fallibility, of forensics

Forensics as a field comprises different disciplines, but not all of them meet the requisite thresholds of accuracy and precision to qualify as a “science”.

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Shreya Rastogi6 May 2024
An Assessment of Bail Decisions in Delhi's Courts
An Assessment of Bail Decisions in Delhi's Courts

A persistent issue in the Indian criminal justice system has been the over-incarceration of pre-trial detainees.

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Anup Surendranath & Gale Andrew24 April 2024
After SC verdict on Bilkis Bano convicts, a question: Which prisoners deserve hope?
After SC verdict on Bilkis Bano convicts, a question: Which prisoners deserve hope?

In a penal system where remission is an indispensable opportunity that facilitates reform, exclusionary policies need to be interrogated.

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Snehal Dhote12 January 2024
Justice for Bilkis Bano, questions on remission
Justice for Bilkis Bano, questions on remission

While justice has been done in this case, difficult questions on state remission policies remain.


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Neetika Vishwanath10 January 2024
New criminal law Bills endanger civil liberties
New criminal law Bills endanger civil liberties

Instead of decolonising criminal law, these Bills entrench colonial logic — where the state’s paramount interest is to control the people to the maximum extent.

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Anup Surendranath & Zeba Sikora14 December 2023
Justice, anger and the Nithari acquittals
Justice, anger and the Nithari acquittals

The pursuit of accountability should not translate into a demand for convictions at all costs as it risks weakening an already broken criminal justice system.

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Stuti Rai10 November 2023
GPS ankle monitors for UAPA-accused on bail: Too many issues to ignore
GPS ankle monitors for UAPA-accused on bail: Too many issues to ignore

Ghulam Mohd Bhat, who has been accused of terror financing under the Unlawful Activities Prevention Act, 1967, was granted bail by a Special Court in Jammu on the condition that Bhat wears a GPS tracker around his anklet.

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Sakshi Jain10 November 2023
Criminal law Bills and a hollow decolonisation
Criminal law Bills and a hollow decolonisation

The narrative of decolonisation must not be seen in isolation from developments in other areas of criminal law that are pushing us back into colonial ways of lawmaking.

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Maitreyi Misra3 October 2023
New criminal laws don’t deal with the real culprit – India’s institutions
New criminal laws don’t deal with the real culprit – India’s institutions

What role and weight must we assign to environmental factors in engendering and perpetuating conditions that lead to crimes?

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Anup Surendranath & Neetika Vishwanath25 September 2023
The Quotidian Life of Terror Trials in Delhi
The Quotidian Life of Terror Trials in Delhi

Despite the terror charges being an outcome of the prejudicial and disparate impact of the law, the terror defendants in Suresh’s book are not defined by passivity and victimhood.

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Neetika Vishwanath9 September 2023
Controlling women’s sexual autonomy
Controlling women’s sexual autonomy

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 proposes to criminalise sex which is based on the promise to marry when there was no intention of fulfilling the same.

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Neetika Vishwanath31 August 2023
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Project 39A
National Law University, Delhi.
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